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Understanding Network Protocols

Network protocols are a set of rules and standards that govern how data is transmitted, received, and processed across a network. They define the formats, procedures, and conventions used for communication between devices and ensure that data is exchanged accurately and efficiently. Here are some key aspects to understand about network protocols: TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is the foundational protocol suite used for communication over the internet and most computer networks. It consists of a collection of protocols that enable reliable and secure data transmission, including IP (Internet Protocol), TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP (User Datagram Protocol), and others. IP Addressing: IP addressing is a fundamental aspect of network protocols. IP addresses are unique identifiers assigned to devices connected to a network. IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) uses a 32-bit address format, while IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) uses a 128-bit address format to accommodate the growing number of connected devices. Ethernet: Ethernet is a widely used protocol for wired local area networks (LANs). It defines the rules for data transmission over Ethernet cables, including the format of data packets, addressing schemes (MAC addresses), and collision detection mechanisms. Ethernet supports various speeds and media types, such as twisted pair copper cables and fiber optics. HTTP and HTTPS: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a protocol used for communication between web browsers and web servers. It enables the transfer of HTML pages, images, videos, and other resources over the internet. HTTPS (HTTP Secure) is an extension of HTTP that adds encryption and secure communication using SSL/TLS protocols to protect sensitive data. DNS: The Domain Name System (DNS) is a protocol used to translate domain names (e.g., www.example.com) into IP addresses. It acts as a distributed database that resolves human-readable domain names to machine-readable IP addresses, facilitating communication between devices using meaningful domain names instead of numeric IP addresses. DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. DHCP eliminates the need for manual IP address assignment, simplifying network administration and enabling easy scalability. FTP: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a protocol used for transferring files between computers on a network. It provides a standard set of commands and rules for uploading, downloading, and managing files on FTP servers. FTP can be used with authentication and encryption mechanisms for secure file transfers *Other Model AvailableRICOH MPC3503/ MPC5503 | RICOH MPC3504/ MPC5504 CONTACT US: 03-3341 6296 | 018-788 6296 | 018-228 6296

13/07/2023 0

The Basics of Wireless Networking

Wireless networking enables devices to connect and communicate without the need for physical cables. It has become ubiquitous in our daily lives, powering Wi-Fi connections in homes, offices, cafes, and public spaces. Here are the basics of wireless networking: Wireless Standards: Wireless networking operates based on specific standards that define how devices communicate wirelessly. The most common wireless standard is the IEEE 802.11 family, which includes protocols like 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, and 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6). Each standard supports different data transfer rates, frequency bands, and features. Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi is a widely used technology that allows devices to connect to wireless networks and access the internet. Wi-Fi operates on the 2.4 GHz and/or 5 GHz frequency bands, providing wireless coverage within a certain range. Devices with Wi-Fi capabilities can connect to Wi-Fi access points or routers to establish a wireless connection. Wireless Access Point (AP): A wireless access point, commonly referred to as an AP, is a networking device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network. It serves as a central hub for wireless communication, transmitting and receiving data between wireless devices and the wired network infrastructure. SSID: SSID stands for Service Set Identifier, which is the name of a wireless network. Each wireless network has a unique SSID that devices use to identify and connect to the desired network. When connecting to a Wi-Fi network, you need to select the appropriate SSID and provide the necessary credentials, such as a password, if required. Security: Wireless networks require security measures to protect data and ensure that only authorized devices can connect. Common security protocols used in wireless networks include WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy), WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access), and WPA2/WPA3. These protocols use encryption and authentication methods to secure wireless communications. Range and Coverage: Wireless networks have a limited range, depending on factors such as the wireless standard, frequency band, transmission power, and physical obstacles. The range can be extended using additional wireless access points or range extenders to provide coverage to a larger area. *Other Model AvailableRICOH MPC3503/ MPC5503 | RICOH MPC3504/ MPC5504 CONTACT US: 03-3341 6296 | 018-788 6296 | 018-228 6296

12/07/2023 0

Introduction to Computer Networking

Computer networking is the practice of connecting multiple devices and systems to facilitate communication and the sharing of resources. It involves the design, implementation, management, and maintenance of networks that enable data transmission between computers, servers, routers, switches, and other network devices. Here are some key concepts and components involved in computer networking: Network Topology: Network topology refers to the physical or logical layout of devices and connections in a network. Common topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid configurations. Network Protocols: Network protocols are a set of rules and standards that govern how data is transmitted, received, and processed across a network. Protocols like TCP/IP, UDP, and HTTP ensure reliable and efficient communication between devices. IP Addressing: Every device connected to a network is assigned a unique identifier called an IP address. IP addresses allow devices to send and receive data packets and are crucial for identifying and locating devices on a network. Routers and Switches: Routers and switches are essential networking devices. Routers connect multiple networks together and direct data packets between them, while switches facilitate communication within a network by forwarding data to the intended recipient. Network Security: Network security focuses on protecting data and network resources from unauthorized access, breaches, and malicious activities. It involves implementing measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and encryption protocols to safeguard networks. Network Services: Networks provide various services to users, including file sharing, printing, email, web browsing, and remote access. These services rely on network protocols and infrastructure to function effectively. Wireless Networking: Wireless networking enables devices to connect to a network without physical cables. Wi-Fi is a commonly used wireless technology that allows devices to access the internet and communicate with each other wirelessly. *Other Model AvailableRICOH MPC3503/ MPC5503 | RICOH MPC3504/ MPC5504 CONTACT US: 03-3341 6296 | 018-788 6296 | 018-228 6296

11/07/2023 0

Benefits Of Outright Purchase A Ricoh Photocopier

There are several benefits to outright purchasing a Ricoh photocopier: Cost savings: By purchasing the photocopier outright, you avoid long-term leasing or rental costs. While the initial investment may be higher, you can save money in the long run, especially if you anticipate using the photocopier for an extended period. Ownership and control: When you purchase a photocopier, you own it outright. This gives you complete control over its usage, maintenance, and customization. You can tailor the machine to your specific needs, such as setting security protocols or integrating it into your existing network infrastructure. Flexibility: Owning a photocopier gives you the flexibility to use it as often as needed without worrying about additional charges or usage restrictions. You have the freedom to use it during peak periods or for high-volume projects without incurring extra expenses. Tax advantages: In many countries, purchasing office equipment like a photocopier can provide tax benefits. You may be eligible for deductions or depreciation allowances, which can help reduce your overall tax liability. Consult with a tax professional or accountant to understand the specific tax advantages available in your jurisdiction. Improved efficiency: Having a photocopier readily available in your office allows for faster and more convenient access to important documents. You can quickly duplicate or scan materials, improving workflow and overall productivity. Long-term investment: Ricoh is a reputable brand known for producing high-quality photocopiers. Purchasing a Ricoh photocopier ensures you have a reliable and durable machine that can withstand heavy usage over an extended period. It can be a long-term investment that serves your business needs for years to come. Potential cost recovery: If you frequently need to make copies for clients, customers, or other external parties, owning a photocopier can enable you to charge a fee for copying services. This can help offset the initial investment cost and even generate additional revenue over time. *Other Model AvailableRICOH MPC3503/ MPC5503 | RICOH MPC3504/ MPC5504 CONTACT US: 03-3341 6296 | 018-788 6296 | 018-228 6296

10/07/2023 0

How to Enable a Computer Printer Port

Computers frequently have more than one port for connecting printers and other computer peripherals, which is beneficial for businesses that use a variety of office equipment. Any printers or other peripherals connected through that port will be unable to communicate with the computer if a printer port is disabled, whether by a programme, user actions, or file corruption. Enabling a printer port, on the other hand, is a simple procedure. 1.Click the Start button and then click “Control Panel.” 2.Select “Devices and Printers” from the menu. 3.Right-click on your printer and select the “Properties” option. 4.Click the “Ports” tab. Check the box next to the port number you want to use. Refer to the printer’s instruction manual if you are unsure of which port to use. 5.Click “Apply” to enable the port. *Other Model AvailableRICOH MPC3503/ MPC5503 | RICOH MPC3504/ MPC5504 CONTACT US: 03-3341 6296 | 018-788 6296 | 018-228 6296

18/01/2023 0

Definition of “Max Resolution” on a Color Laser Printer

Definition of “Max Resolution” on a Color Laser Printer Color laser printers produce crisp, waterproof text as well as vivid images. They are ideal for home offices and small businesses due to their high print volume per toner cartridge. However, not all laser printers produce photo-quality images. One limitation is the printer’s maximum resolution. Low-resolution laser printers produce coarser, less realistic prints than higher-resolution devices. Laser Printing ProcessLaser printers, both colour and black and white, work by fusing tiny dots of toner to the paper. When viewed with the naked eye, these dots appear to blend into smooth gradients. Smaller dots produce lighter shades of a colour in proportion, while larger dots produce darker shades. Dots Per InchThe resolution of a laser printer is measured in dots per inch, or dpi. A printer with a higher dpi produces smaller dots on the paper than one with a lower dpi. This results in smoother gradiants and less jagged prints. Smaller dots typically indicate a more complex image. A high resolution printer may require more memory and take longer to print a page with extensive toner coverage. The resulting print, however, usually looks better than one from a lower resolution printer. Standard ResolutionsLaser printers are available in a few standard resolutions. Many older devices could only print at 300 dpi, resulting in a relatively coarse print with visible dots. Hewlett-Packard printers have 1,200 dpi resolution as of October 2011. High-end printers designed for photographic production can achieve resolutions of up to 2,400 dpi. This number denotes the printer’s maximum resolution. If you set your colour laser printer to “draught” or “high-speed,” it can print coarser images for proofing. ConsiderationsHigh-resolution printers may not produce as many visible dots as you expect. To fully render an 8 bit image, the printer must use approximately 256 dots for each pixel in the printed image. This reduces the printer’s visible resolution, giving a 1200 dpi printer an effective resolution of about 75 pixels per inch, or ppi. The halftone frequency of the printer can also have an impact on actual resolution. Halftones are patterns of larger or smaller dots that are used to create a shaded effect and are measured in lines per inch. Most laser printers can output at least 200 lpi, but coarser halftones for copying can be set as low as 85 lpi. *Other Model AvailableRICOH MPC3503/ MPC5503 | RICOH MPC3504/ MPC5504 CONTACT US: 03-3341 6296 | 018-788 6296 | 018-228 6296

12/01/2023 0

5 Ways to Secure Your Printers and Copiers

Copiers and printers are vulnerable to data loss. Modern machines contain hard drives, which can result in data breaches or other types of theft. Private documents can be downloaded, and in some cases, print activity can be rerouted, allowing hackers to gain network access via printing software. All of the most dangerous types of malware, such as Trojans, DDoS attacks, spear-phishing, and ransomware, can affect the data generated by print jobs or run through your printer queue. Here are five ways to secure your printers and copiers: 1. Disconnect Printers and CopiersWhen you disconnect these machines from the Internet, the possibility of hacking activity decreases dramatically. Hackers can only physically gain access to disconnected printers and copy machines. However, this also reduces operational efficiency. Consider whether an offline strategy is beneficial to your company. 2. User Access ControlsSpecific user access controls are another way to protect printers and copiers. Creating user accounts with varying levels of access limits access and prevents unauthorised parties from using printers and copy machines for malicious attacks. Examine the Identity and Access Management (IAM) field to see what vendors can offer assistance. 3. Firmware and SettingsPrinters can often protect themselves from various types of hacking by utilising the firmware built into their operating systems. There is also the possibility of using a network firewall to prevent malicious activity related to accessing the data that printers share with other network elements. Consider this a “perimeter approach,” in which you create a stronger barrier against incoming hacking activity. To keep your printer and copier data safe, cybersecurity firms can also assist with firewall calibration and cloud security. 4. Network SegmentationWhen it comes to protecting sensitive data, this overall security principle is extremely valuable. Network segmentation entails isolating various parts of the network and separating them from one another. This boosts security capacity. For example, if printing equipment is on a different network segment than another that handles much of the public traffic, hackers will find it more difficult to infiltrate that printer network. Network segmentation has become a best practise in enterprise because it effectively thwarts hacking efforts. Examine your overall SOA to see if segmentation or isolation can help. 5. Overarching Cloud Service ModelsThird-party vendor products are increasingly being used by businesses to direct their networks. Smart enterprise network configurations will automate printer and copy machine security in the same way that they will automate other types of network security. Investigate what vendors can provide to keep a network safe and secure. A cloud solution configuration can provide encryption at the point of egress as well as a secure tunnel on either side of the client/vendor pathway. Consider whether any of these methods can keep your printing data safe. Investing in printer and copier security allows your company to mitigate risk, protect systems, and guard against data breaches and other disasters while still allowing you to complete print projects. *Other Model AvailableRICOH MPC3503/ MPC5503 | RICOH MPC3504/ MPC5504 CONTACT US: 03-3341 6296 | 018-788 6296 | 018-228 6296

06/01/2023 0

How to pause a print job in Windows

In Windows, pause any print job by following the steps below after you’ve started printing something.   Pause a print job from the Notification Area   1. When starting to print something in Windows a printer icon is shown in the Windows Notification Area, right-click this icon. If you do not see a printer icon, click the up arrow in the Notification Area to show all icons.   2. Click Open All Active Printers.   3. Right-click the print job you want to pause, and then click Pause.   Note : To resume the print job when you are ready, right-click the document name again and select Resume or Resume Printing   Pause from print jobs through Control Panel Pause print jobs through the Control Panel by following the steps below.   1. Open the Control Panel   2. Open Devices and Printers, Printers, or Printers and Faxes depending on your version of Windows.   3. Double-click the name of the printer that is being used.   4. If any print jobs are in the queue, click either the 1 document(s) in queue or double-click See what’s printing. Once done, a window similar to the above example appears. Following the steps above lets you pause the print job. *Other Model AvailableRICOH MPC3503/ MPC5503 | RICOH MPC3504/ MPC5504 CONTACT US: 03-3341 6296 | 018-788 6296 | 018-228 6296

05/01/2023 0

What is Cloud Printing?

Cloud printing refers to printing that occurs over a network and through the cloud. A printer, for example, cannot connect to a smartphone or tablet, but a user may wish to print from these devices. Cloud printing enables any device to print to a printer via a cloud printing solution such as Hewlett-Packard ePrint or Microsoft Universal Print. Unfortunately, there is no universal solution for cloud printing, so it is up to the printer manufacturer or operating system, and not all printer manufacturers support cloud printing. Note: Cloud printing may also be used commercially to allow users to print to more expensive printers like plotters and 3D printers. Cloud printing security When you connect a printer to a network, it, like any other device, introduces additional security risks if not properly secured. Among these dangers are the following. A man-in-the-middle attack could see everything printed. Someone could hack into the printer and print anything to the printer. Any print job queued and stored on a server could be copied if the server storing that information was compromised. *Other Model Available RICOH MPC3503/ MPC5503 | RICOH MPC3504/ MPC5504 CONTACT US: 03-3341 6296 | 018-788 6296 | 018-228 6296

05/01/2023 0

All-In-One/Multifunction Printers vs. Single Function Printers

With so many printers available in Malaysia, deciding between a multifunction printer and a single-function printer can be difficult, especially if it’s your first time deciding. However, you must proceed with caution during the selection process to ensure that you purchase a printer that meets your requirements while remaining within your budget. Multifunction printers, like single-function printers, are classified as inkjet or laser. Inkjet printers excel at producing high-quality colour graphics, whereas laser printers excel at printing large amounts of text. Inkjet printers also require more maintenance than laser printers. Whether you need a quick laser printer for business or an inkjet printer to print photographs, you’ll always find a multifunction printer that produces laser or inkjet printouts. Multifunction vs. Single-function PrintersAside from printing, multifunction or all-in-one printers offer a variety of other functions. These printers can also scan, copy, and fax; many multifunction printers can perform all four of these functions. A multifunction device, which combines two or more devices into one, can help you save money and space if you need a fax machine, scanner, or copier. If you need to print, on the other hand, a multifunction printer will cost you more money for features you won’t use. If you do specific printing jobs that require high-quality images, a specialised single-function printer is probably the best option. Single-function machines are more expensive than multifunction machines, but they provide better quality. 1. VolumeIf you only plan on doing a limited amount of printing, a typical consumer inkjet printer should suffice. A laser printer, on the other hand, is ideal for businesses where multiple employees share a single printer or when large print runs are required on a regular basis. Laser printers are more cost-effective and better at handling high-volume print jobs when dealing with large-scale printing demands. Laser printers are typically larger and have larger print trays than inkjet printers; they also print much faster. This is critical when printing papers with hundreds of pages. 2. QualityLaser printers produce high-quality text pages, especially those with small letter sizes. A high-end inkjet printer, on the other hand, produces higher-quality pictures and images with complex colours. Inkjet printers effortlessly blend colours, whereas laser printers may have demarcation or lines when the colours change. 3. CostOn average, inkjet printers are less expensive than laser printers. Inkjet machines have lower maintenance costs because they use fewer consumables. However, you must also consider the total cost of ownership over the life of the printer. As a result, a laser printer is the best investment for high print volumes or long-term use. Because inkjet ink cartridges are relatively expensive, the real cost-per-page of a laser printer is generally lower than that of an inkjet printer. 4. NetworkingWhen purchasing a printer for a business, networking capabilities must be taken into account. If you want to reduce the number of cables in your workplace and make it easier to connect all of the network’s devices, look for a printer that supports wireless networking. Spending extra money on networking and wireless features is unnecessary if you only need to connect the printer to a single computer in a small office. In summaryBudget, output quality, and the type and quantity of printing you will be doing are all important factors in determining the type of printer that best suits your needs. Following the steps outlined above will allow you to determine whether a single-function or multifunction printer is best for you, as well as whether a laser or inkjet printer is the better option. *Other Model AvailableRICOH MPC3503/ MPC5503 | RICOH MPC3504/ MPC5504 CONTACT US: 03-3341 6296 | 018-788 6296 | 018-228 6296

04/01/2023 0

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